PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.